限时进食对恶性肿瘤的潜在防治作用

间歇性禁食是一种新的饮食干预策略,其可能改善恶性肿瘤治疗的疗效并减少并发症。 限时进食是间歇性禁食的 一种特殊形式,通常仅限制每天的进食时间窗而不限制热量,除了和其他间歇性禁食手段一样能够控制体重并改善代谢紊乱 以外,限时进食还能调节昼夜节律并影响自噬水平,具有潜在的抗衰作用,相关研究已经表明了它预防肿瘤发生以及减缓肿 瘤发展的潜力。 同时,由于实施方案便利、不良反应轻微,限时进食有着不错的依从性及安全性,有可能成为一种适合肿瘤患 者长期实施的辅助治疗方案乃至健康生活方式。 本文从改善肥胖和代谢紊乱、调节昼夜节律和自噬水平以及目前与肿瘤相 关的研究进展这三个方面阐述了限时进食对恶性肿瘤的潜在作用,旨在为将来的相关研究提供理论依据和探索方向,探讨限 时进食作为一种营养干预手段对恶性肿瘤发生的潜在预防作用以及对恶性肿瘤的治疗或辅助治疗作用,以期可以完善对肿 瘤患者的营养干预策略,改善患者的生活质量及预后。     

Determinants of Tobacco Use among Children of a Rural Village in India: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

Background: Tobacco is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. It is both a major social and health problem. According to National Sample Survey Organization of Government of India about 20 million children of ages 10-14 are estimated to be tobacco-addicted. There are grave consequences of tobacco both socially and also on health thus it is of utmost importance to understand the factors leading to its use and to plan strategies to reduce its intake. However, the health implications of this social issue in a rural context have not been explored. Aims and Objective: this study makes an attempt to explore the health and social implications of tobacco usage by the children below the age of 14 years in hamlet. Materials and Methods:  The present study employed a qualitative study design. Data was collected using focus group discussion and in-depth interview of key informants. Thematic analysis for exploring the explicit and implicit meanings within the data was done. The themes which emerged were knowledge about tobacco and the various products available, children and parents’ tobacco use and habits, the health and social implication of tobacco use, reasons for tobacco use by the children. Results: It was found tobacco use by the children was very common in the community. Parent, peer pressure, sibling pressure were found to be playing important role in the initiation of tobacco habit by the child. Further illiteracy and lack of awareness was also lead to tobacco use among children. Conclusion: The study identifies education and awareness of parents about the ill-effects of tobacco play an important role as parents act as role model for their children, thus equal stress should be laid in improving the parental habits. Even raising the prices of tobacco products can help in controlling this habit.     

Neural Correlates of Failed Inhibitory Control as an Early Marker of Disordered Eating in Adolescents

BackgroundBinge eating and other forms of disordered eating behavior (DEB) are associated with failed inhibitory control. This study investigated the neural correlates of failed inhibitory control as a potential biomarker for DEB.MethodsThe study used prospective longitudinal data from the European IMAGEN study adolescent cohort. Participants completed baseline assessments (questionnaires and a brain scan [functional magnetic resonance imaging]) at 14 years of age and a follow-up assessment (questionnaires) at 16 years of age. Self-reported binge eating and/or purging were used to indicate presence of DEB. Neural correlates of failed inhibition were assessed using the stop signal task. Participants were categorized as healthy control subjects (reported no DEB at both time points), maintainers (reported DEB at both time points), recoverers (reported DEB at baseline only), and developers (reported DEB at follow-up only). Forty-three individuals per group with complete scanning data were matched on gender, age, puberty, and intelligence (N = 172).ResultsAt baseline, despite similar task performance, incorrectly responding to stop signals (failed inhibitory control) was associated with greater recruitment of the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in the developers compared with healthy control subjects and recoverers.ConclusionsGreater recruitment of the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate regions during failed inhibition accords with abnormal evaluation of errors contributing to DEB development. As this precedes symptom onset and is evident despite normal task performance, neural responses during failed inhibition may be a useful biomarker of vulnerability for DEB. This study highlights the potential value of prospective neuroimaging studies for identifying markers of illness before the emergence of behavior changes.     

Exposición al aire libre en niños de la Provincia de Buenos Aires,Argentina

ObjectivesTo evaluate myopia risk factors, mainly outdoor exposure and reading habits, in a country with low prevalence of myopia (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina).MethodsConsecutive children interviewed in a clinical private practice setting were autorefracted under cycloplegia with cyclopentolate 1%. Their parents consented to fill a questionnaire about schooling, tutorial classes, outdoor exposure, reading habits, and cellphone use, both on weekdays and weekends. The Spanish questionnaire was based on past English questionnaires of myopia clinical trials. The spherical equivalent of the right eye was used for the refractive distribution. The average daily hours spent for each activity were calculated.ResultsThis study involved 115 children aged 10.48±3.65 years (range 5 to 18 years), with 56.5% being girls. Children had 8 h of schooling per day in 62.6% of cases, and only 14.8% had tutorial classes after school. There were 38.3% myopes (< ?0.50 D), 24.3% hyperopes (> +2.00 D) and the rest were emmetropes. The mean time that these children spent outdoors per day was 3.94±1.45 hs. (27.60±10.16 hs. per week). The total mean time spent reading and writing per day was 1.50±0.98 h, and that spent using cellphones and tablets was 2.43±1.66 h.ConclusionIn an environment with low myopia prevalence, children spend almoast 4 hours per day outdoors, much more than the usual recommendation of 2 hours a day for myopia prevention.     

进食障碍患者家庭顺应量表的汉化及信效度检验

目的 汉化进食障碍患者家庭顺应量表，并检验其信效度。方法 根据Brislin翻译模式将量表翻译成中文，通过专家函询和预调查对量表进行文化调适和修订。将量表应用于300例进食障碍患者照顾者检验信效度。结果 中文版进食障碍患者家庭顺应量表的量表水平内容效度指数为0.918。探索性因子分析结果显示5个因子可解释总变异量的49.862%。量表的各维度得分与量表总分呈中高度相关，各维度得分之间呈中低度相关或不相关。量表总Cronbach′s α为0.877，重测信度为0.883。结论 中文版进食障碍患者家庭顺应量表具有较好的信效度，可用于测量进食障碍患者的家庭顺应情况。     

结直肠腺瘤危险因素

目的 研究结直肠腺瘤发生相关的危险因素,为结直肠早癌病变的筛查及诊疗提供预警信息。方法 选取2014年1月至2020年6月于河北医科大学第二医院行结肠镜检查经病理诊断为结直肠腺瘤的患者1 126例作为病例组,以同期行结肠镜检查结果阴性的患者1 800例作为对照组。收集患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、排便习惯(正常、腹泻、便秘、腹泻与便秘交替)、总胆固醇及甘油三酯水平等资料。进行多因素Logistic回归分析,探究上述因素对结直肠腺瘤发生的影响。为了进一步排除混杂因素的干扰,组间1∶1匹配,进行多因素条件Logistic回归分析,探究结直肠腺瘤发生的独立危险因素。结果 多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、饮酒史、吸烟史、排便习惯、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平为结直肠腺瘤发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示,排便习惯及甘油三酯水平是结直肠腺癌发生的独立危险因素,慢性腹泻、慢性便秘患者发生结直肠腺瘤的风险高于排便习惯正常者(P<0.05),甘油三酯水平较高患者发生结直肠腺瘤的风险高于甘油三酯水平正常者(P<0.05)。结论 排便习惯及甘油三酯水平是结直肠腺瘤发生的独立危险因素,慢性腹泻、慢性便秘、甘油三酯升高者发生结直肠腺瘤风险更高。